Aim: To find the occurrence of ‘Dry Eye’ and to assess the severity of the dry eye after manual small incision cataract surgery with corneoscleral tunnel incision. Material and Method: A total of 81 patients were selected who came for manual small incision cataract surgery. Each patient was questioned pre-operatively about ‘dry eye’ symptoms and examined with Schirmer’s test 1 and tear fi lm break up time. Following this, the patients underwent small incision cataract surgery with a superior incision of 6-7mm depending on the grade of cataract. Schirmer’s test 1 and tear film break up time test were repeated on post-operative day 1st, 7th & 30th day. Dryness of the eye was analysed and graded as per DEWS classifi cation 2007.

Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a disease including epicleritis or scleritis, periorbital pain, uveitis, vitreous opacity, and necrotizing retinitis. This case looks like ARN except lacking necrotizing retinitis. The epidemiology of ARN is either sex (a slight higher rate on male), any race or any age group (most at 20-50 years). Some patient is immunosuppression (like AIDS) or subclinical immune dysfunction. The incidence of ARN in the UK is one case per 1.6 to 2.0 million populations per year [1]. ARN is responsible for 5.5% of uveitis cases in US. The most common cause of ARN is varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It accounts for 50% to 80% cases. HSV1, HSV2 [2, 3]. And rarely cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are also involved [2, 4]. Dr. Muthiah report in 2007 “The at risk population for ARN is patients who have had previous zoster viral infections: chickenpox (70.6% of cases), shingles (29.2%) and zoster ophthalmicus (20.7%). The other risk factors identifi ed in this study were previous herpes simplex cold sores (25%) and HSV encephalitis (15.4%)” [1]. The other factors might involve into the pathogenesis of ARN are HLADQw7, HLA-Aw33, Phenotpe Bw62, DR4, DRw6 and B44 [5]. The symptoms of ARN are: photophobia, periorbital pain or redness, decreased vision, fl oaters, previous varicella/herpes zoster infections. The differential diagnoses of ARN are vitritis and intermediate uveitis, Behçet’s disease, endophthalmitis, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, Sarcoidosis, syphilis /lupus, peripheral hemorrhage exudative choroidapathy, and ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS). The treatment of ARN is antiviral therapy, prophylactic confl uent laser therapy and prophylactic vitrectomy.

Introduction Clinically, ARN is characterized by anterior uveitis, vitritis, retinal necrosis beginning in the peripheral retina, and occlusive vasculitis involving the retina and choroid [1,2]. Onset is typically unilateral with visual loss, often with ocular or periocular discomfort. Sequential bilateral involvement occurs in up to one-third of cases, usually within 3 months, but may be delayed for several years. The diagnosis of ARN syndrome is based on a clinical examination and a characteristic fundoscopic appearance. Diagnostic vitrectomy or retinal biopsy may be indicated in some atypical cases.